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Emergency ultrasound
Emergency ultrasound is the application of ultrasound at the point of care to make immediate patient-care decisions. It is performed by the health care professional caring for the injured or ill persons. This point-of-care use of ultrasound is often to evaluate an emergency medical condition, in settings such as an emergency department, critical care unit, ambulance, or combat zone.〔ACEP Policy Statement: Emergency Ultrasound Guidelines. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;53:550-570.〕〔Beck-Razi N, Fischer D, Michaelson M et al. The utility of focused assessment with sonography for trauma as a triage tool in multiple-casualty incidents during the second Lebanon war. J Ultrasound Med 2007;26:1149–1156.〕〔Stawicki SP, Howard JM, Pryor JP, et al. Portable ultrasonography in mass casualty incidents: The CAVEAT examination. World J Orthopedics 2010;1(1):10-19.〕
==Setting==
Emergency ultrasound is used to quickly diagnose a limited set of injuries or pathologic conditions,〔Atlas of Emergency Medicine. Kevin J. Knoop, Lawrence B. Stack, Alan B. Storrow. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2002.ISBN 0071352945, ISBN 978-0-07-135294-9.〕〔Stawicki SP, Bahner DP. Modern sonology and the bedside practitioner: Evolution of ultrasound from curious novelty to essential clinical tool. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2014 Nov (ahead of print )〕 specifically those where conventional diagnostic methods would either take too long or would introduce greater risk to a person (either by transporting the person away from the most closely monitored setting, or exposing them to ionizing radiation and/or intravenous contrast agents).〔Emergency Ultrasound: Principles and Practice. Romolo Joseph Gaspari, J. Christian Fox, Paul R. Sierzenski. Mosby, 2005. ISBN 0-323-03750-X, 9780323037501.〕〔http://www.sonoguide.com/introduction.html〕
Point of care ultrasound has been used in a wide variety of specialties and has increased in use in the last decade as ultrasound machines have become more compact and portable.〔Levin DC, Rao VM, Parker L, Frangos AJ. Noncardiac point-of-care ultrasound by non-radiologist physicians: How widespread is it?. JACR 2011; 8(11):772-775.〕 It is now used for a variety of exams in various clinical settings at the person's bedside. In the emergency setting, it is used to guide resuscitation and monitor critically ill persons, provide procedural guidance for improved safety and confirm clinical diagnosis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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